{"id":28012,"date":"2015-05-23T03:10:37","date_gmt":"2015-05-23T01:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/?p=4574"},"modified":"2015-05-23T03:10:37","modified_gmt":"2015-05-23T01:10:37","slug":"maria-theotokos-maromak-nia-inan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/maria-theotokos-maromak-nia-inan\/","title":{"rendered":"Maria Theotokos: Maromak nia Inan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"theotokos\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hakribi Maria sai nafatin propaganda pentekost\u00e1l (seita protestante ida) ne\u2019eb\u00e9 akuza kat\u00f3liku sira ezajera Maria nia pap\u00e9l Inan nian hodi lori desvantajen ba Oan-Mane. No, efetivamente, ne\u2019e mak impresaun dahuluk ita iha: katak ho vontade di\u2019ak uitoan, bele to\u2019o ba unidade entre sarani sira hodi hateke de\u2019it ba Kristu. Maib\u00e9 ne\u2019e lia-falsu boot ida, bas\u00e1 problema Maria nian mak esensialmente kristol\u00f3jiku.
\nIstorikamente m\u00f3s, \u201cproblema\u201d Maria nian mosu husi diskusaun ida kona-ba Kristu nia natureza [kodrat]. Ba sarani dahuluk sira natur\u00e1l liu atu atribui onra partikul\u00e1r ba Maria, tanba ita hetan ninia figura iha sentru mist\u00e9riu inkarnasaun nian: kriatura ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 tuur ahi Kriad\u00f3r (atu uza espresaun famoza S. Bernardo nian). Bainhira mak mosu problema? Bainhira ema ida hah\u00fa kuestiona mist\u00e9riu fiar sarani ida-ne\u2019e, ita labele evita atu envolve m\u00f3s Maria. Defaktu, hah\u00fa ho Nestor ne\u2019eb\u00e9 konvensidu katak la akontese Inkarnasaun ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 loos duni, tanba ne\u2019e Jez\u00fas la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak maib\u00e9 ema ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Liafuan horik b\u00e1. Liafuan sira ne\u2019e hanesan hakarak dehan katak la\u2019\u00f3s de\u2019it iha natureza rua (umana no divina) maib\u00e9 m\u00f3s ema na\u2019in rua (Jez\u00fas no Kristu) ne\u2019eb\u00e9 tau hamutuk ho maneira ruma. Nia konseku\u00e9nsia, mak se Jez\u00fas la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak karik, Maria la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak nia Inan.
\nNu\u2019udar opozisaun momoos ba nestorianu sira, ita hetan monofizita sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ezajera ninia kontr\u00e1riu. Defaktu, sira f\u00f3 asentuasaun ba Kristu nia divindade, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 absorve tiha natureza umana. Iha debate kristol\u00f3jiku sira ne\u2019e, Kreda labele nonok hodi la hasai ninia desizaun\/sentensa ida tanba selae bele afeta n\u00fakleu fundament\u00e1l fiar sarani nian. Kreda Univers\u00e1l hat\u00e1n ho kons\u00edliu importante rua (ne\u2019eb\u00e9 kreda protestante ist\u00f3rika sira m\u00f3s aseita) hodi marka ho profundidade ist\u00f3ria Kristianizmu nian.<\/p>\n

Kons\u00edliu \u00c9feso nian (431)<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kons\u00edliu ekum\u00e9niku tinan 431 nian afirma hikas fiar iha Ema-Maromak, hodi kondena teoria nestoriana. Bele sai util atu lee fila fali k\u00e1none konsili\u00e1r sira:<\/p>\n

\u00ab1. Se ema ruma la konfesa katak Emanuel mak Maromak iha sentidu loos liafuan nian, no katak santa Virjen mai husi Maromak tanba hahoris iha isin, Liafuan halo an ba ema (40), nia an\u00e1tema. 2. Se ema ruma la konfesa katak Aman nia Liafuan ne\u2019eb\u00e9 asume iha unidade subst\u00e1nsia nian ema nia isin, katak nia mak Kristu ida de\u2019it ho nia isin rasik, katak Maromak rasik no ema m\u00f3s, nia an\u00e1tema. [\u2026] 5. Se ema ruma barani hateten katak Kristu mak ema ida maklorik Maromak nian, no la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak tuir lialoos, Oan-Mane mesak tuir natureza, bas\u00e1 liafuan halo an ba ema (41) no partisipa hanesan ita iha isin no raan (42), nia an\u00e1tema. 8. Se ema ruma dehan katak Na\u2019i ida mesak Jez\u00fas Kristu hetan gl\u00f3ria husi Esp\u00edritu, iha sentidu katak nia uza nia kbiit hanesan forsa ida husi li\u2019ur, no nia hetan pod\u00e9r husi nia kontra esp\u00edritu foer sira, no atu bele kumpre kmanek lalehan iha ema sira nia leet, nia an\u00e1tema<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Hamutuk an\u00e1tema 12, no hanesan bele haree, temi dala ida de\u2019it Maria. Ne\u2019e tanba, natureza problema fundament\u00e1l nian mak kristol\u00f3jika, lejitimidade t\u00edtulu Theotokos (Maromak nia Inan) eh lae mak indikad\u00f3r de\u2019it ba doutrina ida eterodoksa (la orijin\u00e1l). La\u2019\u00f3s katak hakarak foti sae Maria, maib\u00e9 ninia figura ne\u2019e liga metin liu ba Oan-Mane nune\u2019e ita labele hasai buat ruma husi nia hodi la diminui m\u00f3s Nia. Ida-ne\u2019e ita bele haree m\u00f3s iha f\u00f3rmula furak liu uniaun nian iha 433:<\/p>\n

\u00abKona-ba Maromak nia inan Virjen, oins\u00e1 mak ita hanoin no ko\u2019alia kona-ba nia no modu inkarnasaun Maromak nia Oan-Mane mesak, sei hato\u2019o iha ne\u2019e afirmasaun badak ida, la\u2019\u00f3s ho intensaun atu halo aumentu ida, maib\u00e9 atu asegura katak, ne\u2019e mak ita foti husi Sagrada Eskritura sira no husi Padre santu sira, hodi la aumenta buat ida ba fiar hanesan deklara ona iha Nicea.<\/em>
\nDeklarasaun Nicea nian nat\u00f3n ona atu rejeita erezia hotu. No ita la ko\u2019alia ho prezunsaun katak ita komprende buat ne\u2019eb\u00e9 inasesivel, maib\u00e9 hodi reko\u00f1ese ita-nia insufisi\u00e9nsia, no hodi opoin sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 asalta ita bainhira ita konsidera verdade sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 aas liu ema.<\/em>
\nTanba ne\u2019e ita konfesa katak Na\u2019i Jez\u00fas Maromak nia Oan-Mane mesak, nia mak Maromak perfeitu no ema perfeitu, (kompostu) ho klamar rasion\u00e1l no isin; moris husi Aman molok tempu hah\u00fa iha divindade, moris, mai ita no ba ita-nia salvasaun, iha tempu nia rohan husi Maria Virjen tuir umanidade; katak nia konsubstansi\u00e1l ho Aman tuir divindade, no konsubstansi\u00e1l ho ita tuir umanidade, tanba iha uniaun natureza rua nian. Tanba ne\u2019e ita konfesa Kristu ida de\u2019it, Oan-Mane ida de\u2019it, Na\u2019i ida de\u2019it.<\/em>
\nTuir konseitu uniaun indistinta ne\u2019e, ita konfesa katak virjen santa mak Maromak nia inan, tanba Maromak nia Liafuan inkarna an no sai ema, no tanba Nia halo sai ida ho nia husi kedas konsepsaun, templu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Liafuan asume<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nune\u2019e Maria mak Maromak nia Inan, hodi la sai divindade\/maromak ida, nu\u2019udar inan \u201ctuir umanidade\u201d. Ne\u2019e la\u2019\u00f3s aumenta Revelasaun no la\u2019\u00f3s m\u00f3s novidade ida, maib\u00e9 konseptualizasaun kona-ba realidade ida prezente ho modu impl\u00edsitu no \u2013 se nega nia \u2013 sei hamonu sentru fiar sarani nian.<\/p>\n

Kons\u00edliu Calcedonia nian (451)<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kons\u00edliu ne\u2019e esprime, dala ida tan, natureza Kristu nian. Iha \u201cActos\u201d Kons\u00edliu nian, f\u00f3 sasin mai ita katak ema ne\u2019eb\u00e9 iha problema atu fiar iha uniaun Ema-Maromak labele la duvida\/kuestiona Maria nia maternidade:<\/p>\n

Maib\u00e9 tanba sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 buka rejeita an\u00fansiu lialoos nian, ho erezia sira kria espresaun foun sira: balun koko atu muda mist\u00e9riu ekonomia inkarnasaun Na\u2019i nian mai ita, no rejeita espresaun Theotokos [Maromak nia Inan] ba Virjen; seluk fali hodi introd\u00fas konfuzaun no mistura no hodi imajina ho neon-beik katak ida de\u2019it natureza isin nian no divindade nian, no hodi alega ho ulun toos katak natureza divina Oan-Mane mesak nian tanba konfuzaun ne\u2019e bele terus, tanba ne\u2019e S\u00ednodu prezente, santu, boot no univers\u00e1l ne\u2019e, tanba hakarak impede lia-falsu hotu hasoru lialoos, hanorin katak konte\u00fadu pregasaun ne\u2019e nian sempre id\u00e9ntiku; no estabelese uluknanai katak santu padre na\u2019in 318 sira nia fiar inviolavel; sira konfirma doutrina kona-ba natureza Esp\u00edritu Santu nian, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hato\u2019o iha tempu uluk molok Padre sira halibur malu iha sidade liurai nian kontra sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hafunu hasoru Esp\u00edritu Santu; doutrina ne\u2019eb\u00e9 sira hotu deklara ba ema hotu, la\u2019\u00f3s atu aumenta buat ruma ne\u2019eb\u00e9 uluk iha ona, maib\u00e9 atu ilustra, ho sasin sira Eskritura nian, sira nia hanoin kona-ba Esp\u00edritu Santu, kontra sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 buka atu nega ninia kbiit [\u2026]<\/em>
\nNune\u2019e, hodi tuir, santu Padre sira, ho lian ida de\u2019it ami hanorin atu konfesa Oan-Mane ida mesak no hanesan: ita-nia Na\u2019i Jez\u00fas Kristu, perfeitu iha ninia divindade no perfeitu iha ninia umanidade, Maromak loos no ema loos, (kompostu) ho klamar rasion\u00e1l no isin, konsubstansi\u00e1l ho Aman tuir divindade, no konsubstansi\u00e1l ho ita tuir umanidade, hanesan ho ita iha buat hotu menus salan (45), moris husi Aman molok tempu hah\u00fa tuir divindade, no iha tempu ikus ne\u2019e no mai ita no ba ita-nia salvasaun husi Maria Virjen, tuir umanidade, ida de\u2019it no hanesan Kristu Na\u2019i ida mesak<\/em>;\u201d<\/p>\n

Protestante sira no Theotokos<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Baibain, bainhira ko\u2019alia kona-ba tradisaun, protestante m\u00e9diu sai kedas ostil (kontr\u00e1riu) se ko\u2019alia kona-ba kons\u00edliu sira. Tanba sira konvensidu katak kons\u00edliu sira halo parte ist\u00f3ria nakukun nian, iha-ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ema halibur atu aumenta ba fiar sarani krensa jentiu nian eh buat ruma hanesan, hodi hakat liu Eskritura sira. Maib\u00e9 Kons\u00edliu ne\u2019e iha orijen b\u00edblika (Ap\u00f3st 15) no \u2013 hanesan lee husi dokumentu sira \u2013 la iha hakaran atu aumenta buat ruma maib\u00e9 iha hakaran ida de\u2019it atu defende fiar hanesan ap\u00f3stolu sira hatutan tiha ona. Ita hakfodak oins\u00e1 difisil tebes atu komprende, ba ema balun, nesesidade rasios\u00edniu teol\u00f3jiku tanba \u2013 atu halo ezemplu de\u2019it \u2013 iha Eskritura la\u2019\u00f3s de\u2019it la iha liafuan Trindade maib\u00e9 la esprime m\u00f3s konseitu ne\u2019e ho maneira espes\u00edfika. Maski nune\u2019e, protestante barak fiar iha Trindade, karik tanba sira la hatene katak verdade ne\u2019e m\u00f3s iha orijen konsili\u00e1r. Enkuantu barak seluk, rejeita Trindade tanba koer\u00e9nsia ba sira nia m\u00e9todu laloos.
\nTanba ne\u2019e kestaun se Maria mak Maromak nia Inan eh lae, interesante liu tanba oferese m\u00f3s mai ita indikasaun m\u00e9todu abordajen\/aprosimasaun nian ba Eskritura sira. Defaktu, espresaun Theotokos la mosu iha Eskritura no la iha m\u00f3s konseitu ida esprime ho modu espl\u00edsitu. Maib\u00e9 se ita nega t\u00edtulu ne\u2019e ba Maria, hakarak ka lakohi ita monu iha konseku\u00e9nsia teol\u00f3jika sira hanesan tuirmai ne\u2019e:<\/p>\n

1- Se Maria la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak nia Inan, entaun Jez\u00fas la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak.<\/strong>
\n2- Se Maria la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak nia Inan, entaun nia mak inan ba Jez\u00fas ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ema de\u2019it no kontent\u00f3r Liafuan.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konseku\u00e9nsia sira ne\u2019e hotu, inaseitavel iha Eskritura nia roman. Se Jez\u00fas la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak, entaun fiar sarani tomak hamriik iha buat mamuk nia leten. Pozisaun daruak fali, hanesan ezajera liu maib\u00e9 ida-ne\u2019e mak baibain sai mai li\u2019ur. Bas\u00e1 protestante sira, ho pol\u00e9mika kont\u00ednua anti-Theotokos nian, asimila tiha nestorianizmu ida tempu antigu nian maski dalaruma ho versaun oioin. Iha sira balun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 halo sai absolutu Paulo nia espresaun kona-ba ema iha-ne\u2019eb\u00e9 \u201cdivindade nakonu horik b\u00e1 iha isin\u201d (Col 2, 9), hanesan fali S. Paulo hakarak dehan katak Jez\u00fas mak ema simples ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 halo buat ne\u2019eb\u00e9 nia halo la\u2019\u00f3s tanba nia Maromak maib\u00e9 tanba divindade horik iha nia. Iha sentidu katak nia ema ida \u2013 karik justu no simu inspirasaun \u2013 Maromak posui. Iha dimensaun ida-ne\u2019e, la iha ona espasu ba Inkarnasaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 \u2013 ho mudu klaru \u2013 Paulo rasik ko\u2019alia (Fil 2, 6-7). Entaun, ida ne\u2019e signifika, nega Trindade? Bele lae, maib\u00e9 ita bele halo tan pasu imposivel ida: Liafuan tuun mai Rai hodi ba hela iha mane ida hodi hamamuk an tomak, hafoin liutiha mate nia fila ba Maromak ho kbiit tomak. Ho simplisidade boot, ita admite katak Maromak bele muda natureza tuir nia gostu…
\nSira seluk, ho maneira lad\u00fan komplikadu, haksumik an iha faktu katak Maria, atu sai Maromak nia Inan, nia tenke rohan-laek hanesan Maromak. Iha kontr\u00e1riu, bainhira ita ko\u2019alia kona-ba Maromak ne\u2019eb\u00e9 inkarna an, ko\u2019alia kona-ba maternidade tuir isin, la singifika Maria inan ba natureza umana (no katak s\u00e1 sai inan natureza ida nian? Ema la moris husi inan sira?). Defaktu, ema ne\u2019eb\u00e9 uza argumentu eternidade\/rohan-laek nian, dalabarak, la konxiente katak nia fahe Kristu iha ema rua: ida Kristu umanu, katak Maria nia oan-mane, no ida fali Kristu Maromak nia Oan-Mane. Enkuantu iha Eskritura ko\u2019alia kona-ba Inkarnasaun, Liafuan halo an ba isin iha ema ida. Tanba ne\u2019e la iha vers\u00edkulu sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hatudu Jez\u00fas ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 nia personalidade fahe ba rua, hanesan fali iha ema ne\u2019e horik indiv\u00edduu rua lahanesan maib\u00e9 nafatin nu\u2019udar ema ida mesak: moris husi Maria. Defaktu S. Paulo m\u00f3s dehan katak Maromak nia Oan-Mane \u201cmoris husi feto\u201d (Gal 4,4), la\u2019\u00f3s parte ida de\u2019it mak moris husi feto, Maromak nia Oan-Mane la mai estabelese ho forma umana ne\u2019eb\u00e9 moris husi feto.<\/p>\n

Konkluzaun<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Ohin loron, hanesan iha pasadu, ema ne\u2019eb\u00e9 la simu ideia Liafuan halo an ba ema uza figura Na\u2019i-Feto nian atu defende an. Sira prefere la nega ho modu nakloke Kristu nia divindade, maib\u00e9 filtra pozisaun oioin hodi muda atensaun ba Maria. La iha protestante ida mak dehan Kristu la\u2019\u00f3s Maromak maib\u00e9 insiste maka\u2019as iha problema Theotokos. Hodi halo nune\u2019e, sira ho modu involunt\u00e1riu sai maklorik nestorianizmu ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 sira la konxiente maib\u00e9 \u2013 ikusmai sira asimila tiha. Maib\u00e9 ba ida-ne\u2019e m\u00f3s la\u2019\u00f3s difisil atu reko\u00f1ese. Defaktu, ema sira hotu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hatuun Maria eh kontra nia, haksumik teoria eterodoksa (la\u2019\u00f3s orijin\u00e1l)kona-ba Kristu nia divindade. Modu simples atu deskobre mak husu sira se sira fiar iha Kristu nu\u2019udar Maromak loos no ema loos. Se sira f\u00f3 resposta evaziva eh halai sees nian hanesan \u201cnia ema ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 divindade horik iha nia\u201d, provavel katak ne\u2019e mak sin\u00e1l ida. Iha maioria kazu sira nian, ema ne\u2019eb\u00e9 f\u00f3 resposta afirmativa ida \u2013 se hetan presaun \u2013 hatudu katak iha okos iha buat seluk (hanesan, n.e., fiar katak liu tiha Axensaun de\u2019it mak Kristu sai Maromak loos, aleinde Ema loos). Buat ne\u2019e hotu lori mai ita-nia hanoin, S. Pedro nia advert\u00e9nsia kona-ba \u201cinterpretasaun peso\u00e1l sira\u201d (2 Pd 1,20), liuliu ignorante sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 falsifika \u201cbuat difisil sira\u201d (2 Pd 3,16) no pretende katak la iha gia umana ida: halo nune\u2019e, sira rejeita gia ofisi\u00e1l eh autoridade Kreda nian, no muda ba ida \u201cumana\u201d loos de\u2019it, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 nia \u201cvantajen\u201d mak halo atu ema fiar katak doutrina hotu mak rezultadu husi \u201co-nia interpretasaun livre\u201d ba Eskritura sira.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakribi Maria sai nafatin propaganda pentekost\u00e1l (seita protestante ida) ne\u2019eb\u00e9 akuza kat\u00f3liku sira ezajera Maria nia pap\u00e9l Inan nian hodi lori desvantajen ba Oan-Mane. No, efetivamente, ne\u2019e mak impresaun dahuluk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4584,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[155,840,841,974,998,1294,1549],"class_list":["post-28012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nai-feto","tag-apolejetika-katolika","tag-konsiliu-calcedonia","tag-konsiliu-efeso","tag-maria","tag-maromak-nia-inan","tag-protestante","tag-theotokos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28012\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmatin.org\/wpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}